Two book chapters specifically address the history and challenge facing the intellectual production of African people.  The first chapter is found in Nkrumah's Africa must unite (1970a) and is titled, "The Intellectual Vanguard."  The second chapter is in Class struggle in Africa and is titled, "Intelligentsia and intellectuals" (Nkrumah 1970).  Other works, such as Consciencism (Nkrumah 1970c), also address aspects of an African-centered perspective.  Definitions of Pan-Africanism can be gleaned from two of Nkrumah's written works.  The first is the "Declaration to the Colonial Peoples of the World, Pan African Congress, Manchester, October 15th-21st, 1945" (Nkrumah 1973).  The second significant work offering a definition of this term is Handbook of revolutionary warfare (Nkrumah 1969).