Joe Appiah wrote his book after the others mentioned above, however, his relationship as a colleague to Nkrumah covered an earlier period (1945-1947) in England and a brief stint in the CPP before Ghana's independence.  Joe Appiah's relationship with Nkrumah went back to his days of working with George Padmore in England and inside the leadership of WASU.  He later joined the CPP only to leave as a result of the rift between the Asante's leadership and Nkrumah.  From that point on, Appiah remained opposed to Nkrumah.  Though Appiah (1990) recalls his relationship with Nkrumah, he is only mentioned once in Nkrumah's published works and that was in reference to Appiah's resignation from the CPP (Nkrumah 1973b).  Those who refer to Appiah's account of Nkrumah must take into account their seesaw relationship.